Book 12

Lesson 1

IF-CLAUSES FOR PRESENT OR FUTURE PROBABILITY

If-clauses ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ conditional sentences ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝยค๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝอน๏ฟฝ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝะกอบไปด๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ 2 ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝวน ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝยค๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝัก (Main Clause) ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝะป๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝยค๏ฟฝอง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝอป๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝยค๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝสด๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝอน๏ฟฝ (If-clause) ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝอก๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ 3 ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝในกรณีน๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝะก๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝวถึง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝรก ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝยค๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝอนไขท๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝวถึง๏ฟฝหตุก๏ฟฝรณ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝาจ๏ฟฝิด๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝในปัจ๏ฟฝุบัน๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝอนาค๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝาก ๏ฟฝีก๏ฟฝหตุก๏ฟฝรณ๏ฟฝหน๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝิด๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝอป๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝยค๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝัก๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ Present Tense ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝยค๏ฟฝอง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝสด๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝอนไขจ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ Present ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ Future Tense ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝังเกต๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝาป๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝยค if-clause ๏ฟฝะน๏ฟฝหน๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝอต๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝัง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝยค๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝัก๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ

๏ฟฝิธีก๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝาง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝยค if-clause ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝสด๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝึง๏ฟฝหตุก๏ฟฝรณ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝาจ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝิด๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝในปัจ๏ฟฝุบัน๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝอนาค๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝไปต๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝาง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝาน๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝาง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ

If Clause Main Clause

If it rains heavily,

we watch we๏ฟฝre watching we๏ฟฝll watch we๏ฟฝre going to watch

a movie at home.

๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝอป๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝยค๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝัก๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ Present Tense ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝยค๏ฟฝอง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝสด๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝอนไขจ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ Present ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ Future Tense ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ

Main Clause If Clause

We

can/could may/might should must/have to are able to

stay in

if you๏ฟฝre not feeling well today.

๏ฟฝังเกต๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝาป๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝยค if-clause ๏ฟฝะน๏ฟฝหน๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝอต๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝัง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝยค๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝัก๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ

Main Clause If Clause

Can/Could you Will/Would you Are you going to

help me set the table

if you๏ฟฝre not too busy?

ในกรณีท๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ็นป๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝยค๏ฟฝำถ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝแบบ yes/no ๏ฟฝัก๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝยค๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝัก๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝหน๏ฟฝาป๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝยค๏ฟฝอง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝสด๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝอน๏ฟฝ ๏ฟฝิธีก๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝาง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝยค๏ฟฝำถ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝวกัน๏ฟฝับ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝยค๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝิท๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝไปค๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝาช๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ Modal Auxiliary ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝหน๏ฟฝาป๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝยค

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE: PAST INTO PRESENT

Present Perfect Tense ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝวถึง๏ฟฝหต๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝรณ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝอก๏ฟฝรก๏ฟฝะทำท๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝอดีต๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝเฉพ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝะจ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝีผลต๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝอง๏ฟฝาจ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝึง๏ฟฝัจ๏ฟฝุบัน ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝรง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝาง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝยค๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ have/has+ verb ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูป past participle ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝอช๏ฟฝอง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝางในป๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝยค๏ฟฝัง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝาง

I We You They	have haven๏ฟฝt	worked	all day.
He She	has hasn๏ฟฝt

๏ฟฝังเกต๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝาต๏ฟฝอง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝอก๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ has/have ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝอง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝะธาน๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝอน๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝะต๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ verb ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝอง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ

Have	I we you they	eaten	breakfast?
Has	he she

ในกรณีท๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ็นป๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝยค๏ฟฝำถ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝแบบ yes/no ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ้นจะต๏ฟฝอง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ have/has ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ้นต้นป๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝยค ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝยป๏ฟฝะธาน๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ verb ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝอง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ

Grammar Exercises Lesson 1

Match the sentences in Column A with those in Column B to make complete conditional sentences.

Column A

_____ 1. If you don๏ฟฝt wear a sweater,

_____ 2. If Lt Davis is late for work again,

_____ 3. If you aren๏ฟฝt satisfied with your purchase,

_____ 4. If I send the parcel by airmail,

_____ 5. If my car isn๏ฟฝt fixed by tomorrow,

_____ 6. If they don๏ฟฝt have enough money for the car,

_____ 7. If our electricity goes off,

_____ 8. If the police catch the robber,

_____ 9. If the students aren๏ฟฝt more careful,

_____ 10. If you have a headache,

Column B

a. they๏ฟฝll have an accident.

b. youshould take some aspirin.

c. we๏ฟฝll light some candles.

d. you might catch a cold.

e. his director will reprimand him.

f. I๏ฟฝll have to take the bus to work.

g. it๏ฟฝll arrive much faster.

h. they could borrow some from the bank.

i. they will put him in jail.

j. the store will give your money back.

Complete the sentences. Use the present perfect tense. Look at the examples.

Examples: Frank has lived (live) in this building for the last 10 years.

Ted and Daisy have not used (use) their car since last week.

Has Eric said (say) anything about his previous job?

1. Florence ______ (watch) this same show several times already.

2. _______ your parents _______ (visit) you often this year?

3. The naval cadets _______ (try) to finish their assignments all day long.

4. Capt James and Capt Spencer ______ (be) friends for a long time.

5. My family ______ (not talk) about the accident ever since.

6. ______ your baby brother _______ (learn) how to talk?

7. Rafael _______ (not speak) Spanish since he left Chile.

8. I ______ (look) for my car keys for hours, but I still _______ (not find) them.

9. Lt Winston ______ (go) to the base since this morning. He๏ฟฝll be back this afternoon.

10. _______ any of you ______ (see) this exhibition before?

Answer Keys Lesson 1

Match the sentences in Column A with those in Column B to make complete conditional sentences.

Column A

___d__ 1. If you don๏ฟฝt wear a sweater,

___e__ 2. If Lt Davis is late for work again,

___j__ 3. If you aren๏ฟฝt satisfied with your purchase,

___g__ 4. If I send the parcel by airmail,

___f__ 5. If my car isn๏ฟฝt fixed by tomorrow,

___h__ 6. If they don๏ฟฝt have enough money for the car,

___c__ 7. If our electricity goes off,

___i__ 8. If the police catch the robber,

___a__ 9. If the students aren๏ฟฝt more careful,

___b__ 10. If you have a headache,

Column B

a. they๏ฟฝll have an accident.

b. you should take some aspirin.

c. we๏ฟฝll light some candles.

d. you might catch a cold.

e. his director will reprimand him.

f. I๏ฟฝll have to take the bus to work.

g. it๏ฟฝll arrive much faster.

h. they could borrow some from the bank.

i. they will put him in jail.

j. the store will give your money back.

Complete the sentences. Use the present perfect tense. Look at the examples.

Examples: Frank has lived (live) in this building for the last 10 years.

Ted and Daisy have not used (use) their car since last week.

Has Eric said (say) anything about his previous job?

1. Florence _has watched__ (watch) this same show several times already.

2. _Have__ your parents _visited_ (visit) you often this year?

3. The naval cadets _have tried_ (try) to finish their assignments all day long.

4. Capt James and Capt Spencer __have been__ (be) friends for a long time.

5. My family __hasn๏ฟฝt talked__ (not talk) about the accident ever since. (ever since = ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ)

6. ___Has___ your baby brother __learned__ (learn) how to talk?

7. Rafael _hasn๏ฟฝt spoken_ (not speak) Spanish since he left Chile.

8. I _๏ฟฝve/have looked_ (look) for my car keys for hours, but I still _haven๏ฟฝt found_ (not find) them.

9. Lt Winston _have gone__ (go) to the base since this morning. He๏ฟฝll be back this afternoon.

10. __Have__ any of you __seen__ (see) this exhibition before?